A sea arch is a natural landform created by wave erosion. They are typically formed when waves erode weaker areas of a rock headland, creating a narrow passage that eventually cuts through the headland to form an arch.
Formation: The process begins with the formation of a cave on either side of a headland. Continued erosion enlarges these caves until they meet, forming an arch.
Erosion: Wave action is the primary force behind the erosion process, especially hydraulic action (the force of water entering cracks) and abrasion (the scouring effect of sand and pebbles carried by the waves).
Geology: Sea arches are typically found in areas with resistant rocks, such as limestone or sandstone, that also have areas of weakness (like fractures or joints).
Collapse: Sea arches are temporary features. Eventually, the roof of the arch becomes unstable due to continued erosion and the force of gravity. When the roof collapses, it leaves behind a sea stack.
Location: Sea arches are a coastal landform and are found along coastlines throughout the world.
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